Creating the Citation
Begin with “Figure” and then the number of the figure in italics. The figure does not need a specific title. Instead, start with the word “Figure” and then the number of the figure based on where it is placed in the paper, going in chronological order. For example, if the figure is the first figure to appear in the paper, you would start the citation with, “Figure 1.” If the figure is the fourth figure to appear in the paper, the citation would start with, “Figure 4.”
Include a descriptive phrase about the figure. Give the reader a brief explanation that outlines what the figure is about or refers to. The phrase should summarize the information in the figure in a concise, clear way. For example, if you are citing a graph with statistics, you may write, “Graph of statistics on household income in Canada in 2010.” Or if you are citing an image, you may write, “Black and white photograph of Martha Graham in the Vienna Performance Hall.”
Note the source or reference where you found the figure. Write, “Reprinted from” or “Adapted from,” followed by the title of the book, article, or website where you found the figure. Include the page number where you found the figure as well if you are citing a figure from a book. For example, you may write in a citation for a book, “Reprinted from The Life of Martha Graham (p 84).” For a citation for an article, you may write, “Adapted from ‘Statistics Canada Reveals Shift in Census.’” If you are citing a figure from a website, you may write, “Reprinted from The Huffington Post.”
Include the author’s first and second initial as well as their surname. Use the author’s first and second initial, if available, rather than the author’s full first name. Note their last name as well. If there are multiple authors, include them all, separating them with “and.” For example, you may write, “...by K.L. Lee” or “...by B. Lork and M. Casper.”
List the source. If the reference is a book, note the year the book was printed as well as the city and state of the publisher. Include the name of the publisher as well. For example, you may write, “2008, New York, NY: Homer Press” or “2010, New Haven, CT: Beehive Press.” If you are using an article reference, include the year the article was published as well as the name of the journal and the number of the volume where the article appears in italics. List the page number where you found the figure in the article as well. For example, you may write, “2017, Statistics Canada, 56, p. 103” or “2002, Children Today, 14, p. 90.” If the reference is a website, note the year the figure was published on the website, if available. If it is not available, use “n.d.” for “no date.” Then, note, “Retrieved from” and the URL of the website. For example, you may write, “2008, Retrieved from http://www.statisticscanada.com” or “n.d., Retrieved from http://www.childrentoday.org.”
Note the copyright information for the figure. Finish the citation by noting the copyright year and the name of the copyright holder for the figure. You should be able to find this information in the citation for the figure in the original source. For example, you may write, “Copyright 217 by the Statistics Canada Bureau” or “Copyright 2012 by the Children Choice Organization.” If you cannot find copyright information for the figure, you can leave this information out.
Review the completed citation. Once you have created the citation for the figure, look over it to ensure it contains all the necessary information. A complete citation for a figure from a book would be: “Figure 1. Black and white photograph of Martha Graham in the Vienna Performance Hall. Reprinted from The Life of Martha Graham (p 84), by K.L. Lee, 2008, New York, NY: Homer Press. Copyright 2008 by the Modern Dance School.” A complete citation for a figure from an article would be: “Figure 4. Graph of statistics on household income in Canada in 2010. Adapted from ‘Statistics Canada Reveals Shift in Census,’ by B.Lork and M.Casper, 2017, Statistics Canada, 56, p. 103. Copyright 217 by the Statistics Canada Bureau.” A complete citation for a figure from a website would be: “Figure 6. Drawing of a child playing with plastic toys. Reprinted from Children Today, n.d., Retrieved from https://www.childrentoday.org/. Copyright 2008 by Joan Lee.”
Formatting the Citation
Place the citation underneath the figure and double-space it. The citation should always appear below the figure in your paper. This will ensure it identifies the figure clearly. You should also double-space it so it is easy to read.
Get permission to reprint the figure if you plan to publish your paper. If you’d like to publish your paper in a thesis, a journal, or a publication, you will need to get permission from the original copyright holder to reprint the figure. Then, note you obtained permission by placing “Reprinted with permission” at the end of the citation. For example, you may write, “Figure 4. Graph of statistics on household income in Canada in 2010. Adapted from ‘Statistics Canada Reveals Shift in Census,’ by B.Lork and M.Casper, 2017, Statistics Canada, 56, p. 103. Copyright 217 by the Statistics Canada Bureau. Reprinted with permission.”
Cite the source for the figure in the Reference List. Per APA guidelines, you must include a full bibliographic entry for the source for the figure at the end of your paper on the Reference List page. Double-space each entry in the Reference List and order them alphabetically. Follow APA format for the citation, making sure to include the title of the book, article, or website, the author, and the publishing information for the source. For example, a citation in your Reference List for a book would be, "Lee, K.L. 2008. The Life of Martha Graham. New York, NY: Homer Press."
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