The human body is indeed an adaptive machine that can adjust to different environments and conditions. For example, when deprived of food for an extended period, the body undergoes several physiological changes to preserve energy for vital functions. Many individuals across India observe fasts and stop consuming any food for religious beliefs, cultural traditions, or even health practices. While fasting is an important part of Indian tradition, Dr Palleti Siva Karthik Reddy, MBBS, MD General Medicine, a consultant physician, explained in a conversation with the Indian Express what happens when we eat nothing for three consecutive days.
“When you embark on a 3-day fast, your body undergoes several physiological changes. Firstly, your body uses up stored glucose for energy,” said Dr Palleti Siva Karthik Reddy to Indian Express.
“Within the first 24 hours, this glycogen is depleted, and your body starts gluconeogenesis, creating glucose from non-carbohydrate sources like amino acids. By the second day, your body begins ketosis, breaking down stored fats into ketone bodies to use as energy, particularly for the brain. This metabolic switch helps preserve muscle tissue and supports energy needs without relying on muscle protein breakdown.”
Dr Reddy also mentioned that there are several benefits and risks associated with a 72-hour fasting period. Read below to learn about the potential risks or benefits:
Benefits
Autophagy: The 72-hour fasting period is a cellular cleanup process that removes damaged cells from our body and regenerates the growth of newer, healthier ones.
Improved Insulin Sensitivity: Fasting improves insulin levels and reduces the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Mental Clarity: Due to the increased production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) during ketosis, many people report heightened mental clarity and focus.
Weight Loss: Another benefit of fasting is that it can result in weight loss, primarily from fat stores while preserving muscle mass.
Risks
Dehydration: There’s a risk of dehydration during fasting. Hence, it’s crucial to drink plenty of water.
Electrolyte Imbalance: Prolonged fasting can cause an imbalance of essential electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, and magnesium.
Hypoglycemia: Another risk related to a 72-hour fast is low blood sugar levels which can cause dizziness, headaches, and fainting.
Sleep Disturbances: There is a possibility that hunger pangs and metabolic changes can cause sleep disturbances, causing fatigue and irritability.
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